
Robotaxis on London's roads have moved a step closer after Transport for London (TfL) granted private hire vehicle licences to a number of Uber's fleet of autonomous, pure-electric Ford Mustang Mach-Es - on the condition that a human driver is present.
The decision marks a major milestone for ride-hailing giant Uber and British artificial intelligence firm Wayve, making London the first city in the world to deploy Wayve’s commercial autonomous technology. Modified with custom camera pods and radar units, the vehicles passed TfL inspections confirming they satisfy all local policy and safety standards.
The licensing completes the strict "triple-lock" requirement, which mandates that the operator, driver, and vehicle must all hold valid licences from the same authority.
Although the cars are designed to drive themselves using Wayve’s "AV2.0" artificial intelligence, a trained, licensed human driver will sit behind the wheel to monitor each journey and take control if necessary, while the technology is demonstrated to be safe.
Operating without a human driver present will require separate regulatory approval from the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency.
Passenger demand for the new technology has been high, with over 100,000 Londoners registering their interest within the past eight weeks. Uber confirmed that selected members of this interest list will be offered trial rides later this summer to provide feedback ahead of a full commercial launch.
A TfL spokesperson emphasised that safety remains its top priority, noting that any new vehicle licensed to carry passengers in London must align with its goal of eliminating deaths and serious injuries on London roads by 2041.
Wayve’s modifications to the Mustang Mach-E – such as its six cameras – were assessed by experts and found “they do not compromise passenger safety”, he added.
The move has drawn mixed reactions across the transport sector. While PHV drivers' unions harbour concerns regarding potential long-term job losses, industry leaders remain optimistic.
Wayve vice president for global affairs and assurance, Sarah Gates, stated: "This licence is an important step towards giving Londoners the chance to experience autonomous driving technology.
"The responsible deployment of these vehicles will bring us safer, cleaner and quieter streets, and we’re proud to continue working alongside regulators, communities and the public as we take the next steps towards making autonomous rides a reality in the capital."
Echoing this enthusiasm, Uber’s global head of autonomous mobility operations, Annie Duvnjak, added: "This licence is a key milestone in bringing autonomous rides to London on Uber. Our interest list has seen an incredible response from Londoners who are excited to experience Wayve’s British-built autonomous driving technology."
Founded in 2017 by two PhD students from the University of Cambridge, Wayve develops AI systems that learn from driving experience rather than relying on high-definition mapping.
Alongside its Uber partnership, the firm is collaborating with major car manufacturers including Nissan and Stellantis to integrate autonomous systems into consumer vehicles.

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